The New Gold Rush by Joseph N. Pelton

Author:Joseph N. Pelton
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783319392738
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Licensing, Launching and Operation of Space Systems and Coordination of Radio Frequencies in Earth Orbit

Unlike the case of the protozone , there is currently some 60 years of experience with regard to the allocation of the use of radio frequencies , coordination of RF usage to minimize interference between space systems, registration of the launch of space objects, and other forms of regulation and coordination of objects launched into Earth orbit . There are now recommended procedures to minimize space debris and guidelines for de-orbit of space objects within 25 years of end of life. The International Telecommunication Union plays a prime role in most of the coordination procedures. In general most of the allocation procedures and coordination of space systems have worked reasonably well.

Nevertheless a number of issues have come to the fore in recent years. These include: (1) A significant increase in jamming of satellite communications systems , both civil and military systems; (2) new concerns about cyber-attacks on spacecraft as well; (3) The continuing deployment of a large number of small satellites (some of which are not registered under the Registration Convention) and newly emerging plans to deploy large-scale satellite constellation s involving perhaps thousands of satellites. Such gigantic constellations and unregistered small satellite s that could potentially lead to problems of runaway or cascading orbital debris build-up that would jeopardize defense systems for monitoring nuclear explosions, for targeting of missiles, for defense communications satellites and surveillance, etc.; (4) A surge in demand for broadband terrestrial mobile cellular service that is undercutting allocations for satellite communication s, including military communications satellite systems; and (5) new uses for Earth orbiting satellites such as solar power satellites and high altitude platform systems that could interfere with or aid intersystem coordination for satellite networks, including military communications satellite systems.

Currently the International Telecommunication Union (ITU ), a specialized agency of the United Nations headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, performs the prime functions related to radio frequency allocations, intersystem coordination, coping with problems of interference and jamming, and creating new standards [10] (Fig. 6.2).

Fig. 6.2The ITU headquarters building in Geneva, Switzerland (Image courtesy of the ITU.)

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